In July the WHO declared monkeypox a public health emergency of international concern. Cases have appeared in countries with no previously reported infections. And according to the CDC, the number of cases of monkeypox in the U.S. has reached over 6,600 as of August 3.
The outbreak has spurred questions about the virus and how it spreads, and there are a variety of myths and misconceptions circulating about the disease.
Let’s debunk a few of these to help spread some practical knowledge about the virus.
There is No Treatment for Monkeypox
There is antiviral medication that can prevent infection if used within 4 days of exposure, and severe illness if used within 2 weeks. There are also effective vaccines. While these were developed for smallpox, they are being used for monkeypox. You can also take over-the-counter medication for pain.
Aside from taking medication, infected people should isolate if possible and bolster their body by consuming plenty of fluids and nutritious food. They should also practice excellent hygiene, both to prevent spread and reduce the risk of bacterial infection to skin. Body sores can be soothed by warm baths with baking soda or Epsom salts. Do not pop, scratch, or shave affected areas.
Monkeypox Only Targets Homosexual Men
Although this current outbreak is primarily showing in men who have sex with men and their associated sexual partners, monkeypox can be transmitted to people regardless of their sexual preference or gender identity.
This isn’t exclusively a sexually transmitted virus, but it spreads easily through close physical contact and intimacy. Prolonged skin contact and exposure to mucus membranes like those in the mouth, vagina, and anus increase risk. There is also evidence suggesting it can be carried in semen. Given the above, monkeypox spreads readily within sexual networks. So, just because it is not currently expanding among cisgender heterosexual networks does not mean it can’t or won’t in the future.
Monkeypox is Airborne – and on EVERYTHING!
Although monkeypox is not “airborne”, it can be transmitted to people through upper respiratory secretions like spit or mucus. In other words, prolonged face-to-face contact does carry a risk and infected people are encouraged to wear a mask when around others.
Spread of infection via surfaces is less likely, especially casual contact with public objects like doorknobs and toilet seats. For those cohabitating with an infected person the risk is still low, but it does go up. So, it’s best to isolate, avoid physical contact, mask, and vigilantly clean surfaces in communal spaces.